The Year 2017 has proven to be a turbulent year for Sino-Australian relationship, which witnessed not only the downfall of some pro-Chinese politicians amid scandals of taking illicit funding from …
From 1 March 2018, companies incorporated in Hong Kong, except listed companies, are required to keep a significant controller register at their registered offices. This article will give a brief …
在現代的軍事上，脈衝炸彈的作用及威力無庸置疑。它可以瞬間癱瘓敵人的電子設備，使敵人喪失作戰能力。在普通法地區，馬瑞亞禁制令(Mareva Injunction)的作用實在與脈衝彈有異曲同工之妙， 因為其性質其實是一個資產凍結令 。 禁制令的性質 馬瑞亞禁制令的名稱源自英國1975年 Mareva Compania Naviera SA v International Bulkcarriers SA一案，之後在所有普通法地區的法院，如英、美，加拿大、澳洲、紐西蘭、香港、星加坡等被廣泛肯定和採用。此種禁制令有幾個特點：第一、他是一種臨時性(interim)並從屬於主訴訟的法律濟助(interim relief)，作用是防止訴訟一方(通常是被告)在判決之前轉移資產，以逃避判決責任，所以類似國內的訴訟保全; 第二、在起始時，申請是單方面的(ex parte)，亦即是法院只聽取申請人的陳述，被告沒權出席聆訊，被告是要到禁制令發出並送達給他後才知道禁制令的存在，這種機制是要防止被告知道原告申請禁制令時立刻轉移資產。為了平衡被告的權利, 這種禁制令因此規定被告有權在禁制令發出28天後向法院申請解除。所以這種先凍結資28天才到被告申請解除的機制，對被告的震懾力及特襲性十分大; 第三、此种禁制令是針對個人而非財產的，所以若果被告違反禁令轉移資產，資產的轉讓未必無效但被告則會犯了藐視法庭罪， 可被罰款或監禁。 第四、禁制令可以涵蓋訴訟方以外的第三方，例如銀行或上市公司的股票過戶處(registrar)，前提是第三方必須獲告知禁制令的內容。第五、 禁制令不單可以包括法院所在地的被告資產，還可以擴展到被告全球的資產，這種禁制令即稱為環球馬瑞亞禁制令(global mareva injunction)。 申請禁制令的條件 由於此類禁制令對被告十分嚴苛，所以法院為平衡、保障被告的權益亦相對設定比較嚴格的頒發條件：(1) 原告必須證明他在主訴訟中有比較強的訴訟理由(good arguable case)， 但這並不表示原告人需要證明他在主訴訟中必然會勝出 …
The nature and application of without prejudice correspondences are by no means strange to lawyers in common law jurisdictions. Without prejudice communication is a branch of the law of evidence. …
Recently, a video clip about Chinese “daigous’ snapping up baby formula in Coles has gone viral in various online social media. The conducts of such daigous obviously infuriated local Aussies, …
悉尼雖然沒有像香港一樣獲得購物天堂的美譽, 但禮物卡的發行卻大行其道 。過節時送贈或收到禮物卡本來是一大樂事，但購物卡被愈期作廢或無理扣減價值 ，卻令消費者有被騙的感覺。但這個情況將會獲得改善。 新州就禮物卡發行條件即將推出新的改革。 1987年的公平貿易法(Fair Trade Act)的修正案預算在本年10月呈交新州國會。若法案獲得通過, 以後在新州出售的禮物卡必須有最少三年的使用期，相關企業亦不能在售卡後扣取行政費用，從而減少卡的儲值。 新州創新及監管部長說，新州出售的大部分禮物卡只有12個月的限期, 而有8%的消費者沒有在期限前用盡儲值 ，這樣的意味著新州的消費者每年損失數以千萬計 。
There are a lot of reasons why a director is removed from his office. These include his incompetence, his relationship with his peers and other colleagues of the company, and …
In the ever increasing commercial intercourses between Hong Kong and Mainland China, many of the related agreements are governed by Hong Kong law instead of the PRC law, despite that …
The Arbitration and Mediation Legislation (Third Party Funding) (Amendment) Bill (“Bill) was passed by Hong Kong’s legislature on 14 June 2017, following recommendations in the Law Reform Commission’s Report in …
With the governments of Hong Kong and Australia kicking off the negotiations for a free trade agreement in April 2017, which aims at further strengthening the already vibrant trades between …
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